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1.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 148(1): 10-16, Jan. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1094201

ABSTRACT

Background: Thyroid incidentalomas detected by 18F-Fludeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT are defined as an incidental and unexpected thyroid focus present in a patient studied for a non-thyroid disease. Aim: To assess the frequency of malignancy of nodular thyroid incidentalomas, and their association with 18F-FDG avidity (standard uptake value (SUV) max). Material and Methods: Whole body PET/CT performed from December 2008 to December 2017 were reviewed selecting those that showed nodular thyroid foci. Glands with diffuse increased uptake were excluded. Thyroid ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) performed after PET/CT were reviewed. Bethesda score and SUVmax were correlated. Results: Of 5,100 whole body 18F-FDG PET/CT, 119 showed a thyroid nodular uptake (2.3%). Forty eight percent of these patients were studied with FNAC or surgery, 50% of which (29/58) were confirmed as malignant. Benign nodules showed significantly lower 18F-FDG uptake (n = 20, SUVmax: 3.5 ± 1.7) than Bethesda V-VI (n=24, SUVmax: 8.2 ± 5.2) and thyroid metastases (n=5, SUVmax: 6.3 ± 2.1). The best cut-off value to distinguish between benign and malignant nodules was a SUVmax of 5.0, with a sensitivity of 76% (95% confidence intervals (CI) 56-90%), a specificity of 85% (95% CI 62 - 97%), and positive likelihood ratio of 5 (95% CI 1.8 - 14.6). The size of the thyroid nodule was not predictive of malignancy. Conclusions: Half of nodular thyroid incidentalomas detected by 18F-FDG PETC/CT are malignant. A nodule with a SUVmax ≥ 5,0 is highly suggestive of malignancy, regardless of its size.


Subject(s)
Humans , Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Thyroid Nodule , Retrospective Studies , Radiopharmaceuticals , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 , Incidental Findings , Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 141(10): 1344-1348, oct. 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-701746

ABSTRACT

Nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) consists in diffuse transformation of the hepatic parenchyma into small regenerative nodules without fibrosis, secondary to vascular occlusion and flow alterations. This gives a nodular appearance to theliver, as there is atrophy and compensatory hypertrophy of hepatocytes. We reporta 69-year-old male who suffered of colon cancer and was treated with Oxaliplatin (OX) and Bevacizumab (B). During treatment with B the patient presented a partial thrombosis of the portal vein, that one year later became permeable. Esophageal varices were found in an upper digestive endoscopy. Hepatic tests were normal. Aliver biopsy was performed and informed nodular regenerative hyperplasia. Thus, the different factors that could explain this pathology are analyzed. B, a monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor, reduces the anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and survival effects produced by this factor, affecting the vascular protection of the endothelial cell. On the other hand, OX activates metalloproteinasesand depletes sinusoidal glutathione producing sinusoidal lesions. Thus, (OX) would be associated with sinusoidal obstruction and NRH sporadically. It is important to discuss the possible etiologic factors that can cause NRH reviewing the hepatotoxic effects caused by both drugs.


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects , Focal Nodular Hyperplasia/chemically induced , Organoplatinum Compounds/adverse effects , Portal Vein , Venous Thrombosis/chemically induced , Biopsy , Colonic Neoplasms , Hypertension, Portal/etiology , Liver Neoplasms/secondary
3.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 23(1): 12-16, ene.-mar.2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-661627

ABSTRACT

Portal hypertension (PH) is defined as pathological increase of hydrostatic pressure in the portal venous system, usually related to liver cirrhosis. Among the uncommon causes of PH is the arteriovenous intra or extrahepatic fistula (AVF) of traumatic, iatrogenic or congenital origin. Clinical history and ultrasound findings of AVF are very important for the diagnosis. From a therapeutic point of view, there are three alternatives: clinical/imaging follow-up, surgical repair and transcutaneous catheter embolization. A report of a clinical case and a review of the literature are presented. Patient with portal hypertension as a result of intra hepatic AVF, successfully treated by transcutaneous catheter embolization. A 54 year-old female patient, and cholecystectomized and with history of breast cancer, presented altered liver function tests several months after gallbladder surgery. Once biliary disease was ruled out, liver biopsy was performed, which was compatible with autoimmune hepatitis. During follow-up, intrahepatic AVF was observed by means of ultrasound. Underlying disease was successfully managed with Prednisone and Azathioprine. Nine years later, she experienced an episode of confusion and disorientation compatible with hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and esophageal varices diagnosed by upper endoscopy. Laboratory tests and imaging did not show progression baseline liver disease. Angiographic procedures confirmed an intra hepatic AVF and selective embolization was carried out. There was clinical remission of HE and esophageal varices. We concluded, that transcutaneous catheter embolization is a valid alternative for the treatment of intra hepatic AVF, which accounted for the successful result for this particular patient.


La hipertensión portal (HP) se define como el aumento patológico de la presión hidrostática en el sistema venoso portal, habitualmente relacionada con cirrosis hepática. Entre las causas infrecuentes de HP está la fístula arterio-venosa (FAV) intra o extrahepática de origen traumáticas, iatrogénicas o congénitas entre otras. En el diagnóstico son importantes los antecedentes clínicos y hallazgos ecográficos que demuestran FAV. Desde el punto de vista terapéutico, existen tres alternativas: seguimiento clínico y de imágenes, reparación quirúrgica y embolización con catéter transcutáneo. Se presenta caso clínico de paciente con (HP) a consecuencia de una FAV intrahepática, tratada satisfactoriamente mediante embolización con catéter transcutáneo y revisión de la literatura pertinente. Se trata de una paciente de 54 años con antecedentes de cáncer mamario y colecistectomía en quien se constatan alteraciones de pruebas hepáticas varios meses con posterioridad a cirugía vesicular. Una vez descartada patología biliar, se realizó biopsia hepática la que fue compatible con hepatitis autoinmune. Durante el seguimiento se pesquisó FAV intrahepática como hallazgo ecográfi co. Su enfermedad de base se trató satisfactoriamente con Prednisona y Azatioprina. Nueve años más tarde, consulta por episodio de confusión y desorientación compatible con encefalopatía hepática (EH) y presencia de várices esofágicas a la endoscopia. Tanto el laboratorio como imágenes no mostraron progresión de enfermedad hepática de base. Es sometida a procedimiento angiográfico, que confirmó FAV intrahepática, procediendo a embolización selectiva. Hubo remisión del cuadro clínico de EH y regresión de las várices esofágicas. Se concluye que la embolización con catéter transcutáneo, es una alternativa válida en el tratamiento de FAV intrahepáticas, terapia que constituyó la solución definitiva del cuadro clínico reportado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Embolization, Therapeutic/methods , Arteriovenous Fistula/diagnosis , Arteriovenous Fistula/therapy , Hypertension, Portal/etiology , Arteriovenous Fistula/complications , Hepatitis, Autoimmune , Hypertension, Portal/therapy
4.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 22(4): 508-511, jul. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-654595

ABSTRACT

El estudio de lesiones tiroídeas con citología aspirativa con aguja fina (PAAF) es el método más eficiente en el diagnóstico de éstas. Presentamos 640 casos consecutivos, estudiados entre 2006-2010, con obtención de muestra por radiólogo bajo ultrasonido y asistencia “in situ” del citopatólogo, quién efectuó frotis concentrados, realizando el diagnóstico inmediato de calidad de muestra. Este método, exclusivo de nuestra clínica a nivel nacional, proporcionó material suficiente en 99,53 por ciento de los casos. Se usó clasificación de Bethesda para categorizar diagnósticos. 77,39 por ciento de los diagnósticos fueron benignos, 9,26 por ciento neoplasia folicular, 9,42 por ciento malignos, y en conjunto 2,93 por ciento correspondieron a lesiones foliculares de significado incierto, atípicas y no diagnósticas. En 75 casos con diagnóstico de carcinoma papilar o neoplasia folicular hubo correlación histológica, con un 87 por ciento de exactitud para neoplasia (100 por ciento en carcinoma papilar).


The study of thyroid lesions with fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the most efficient diagnostic in this topic. We report 640 consecutive cases studied between 2006-2010, with samples that were collected by radiologist using ultrasound and on-site assistance of the cytopathologist; who made concentrated smears and immediate diagnosis of the sample quality. This method, unique in our hospital in Chile, gave sufficient material in 99.53 percent of cases. Bethesda classification was used to categorize diagnoses. 77.39 percent of diagnoses were benign, 9.26 percent were follicular neoplasm, 9.42 percent were malignant, and 2.93 percent all together belonged to follicular lesions of uncertain significance, atypical and non diagnostic. 75 cases diagnosed as papillary carcinoma or follicular neoplasm, had histological correlation, with 87 percent accuracy for neoplasia (100 percent in papillary carcinoma).


Subject(s)
Humans , Biopsy, Fine-Needle , Thyroid Diseases/diagnosis , Ultrasonography, Interventional , Diagnosis, Differential
5.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 21(4): 655-661, jul. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-869511

ABSTRACT

Se trata de una paciente de 58 años, sexo femenino, que se presenta con hematuria, proteinuria severa y función renal normal. Pocas semanas después, ella desarrolla una trombosis de vena renal, embolia pulmonar secundaria y un episodio de insuficiencia renal aguda. Este caso clínico ilustra las distintas presentaciones clínicas de una nefropatía por IgA grave, incluyendo hematuria, síndrome nefrótico y trombosis de vena renal. Además muestra otras complicaciones serias, como embolia pulmonar y falla renal aguda. La paciente fue sometida a 2 biopsias renales, que permitieron una correlación adecuada entre las manifestaciones clínicas y la patología renal.


This is a female, 58 years old patient, who presented with hematuria, heavy proteinuria and normal kidney function. Few weeks later she developed a renal venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and acute kidney injury. This clinical case illustrates the variable presenting features of a severe IgA nephropathy including hematuria, nephrotic syndrome and renal venous thrombosis. Further it shows its possible severe complications such as lung embolism and acute renal failure. The patient was kidney biopsied in two opportunities, which allows assessing the correlation between the variable clinical characteristics and the renal pathology.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Glomerulonephritis, IGA/diagnosis , Glomerulonephritis, IGA/pathology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/diagnosis , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
6.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 21(3): 494-497, mayo 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-869491

ABSTRACT

Paciente de 29 años, puérpera, que presenta importante hemorragia postparto, con comprimiso hemodinámioco, que no cede a los tratamientos gineco-obstétricos habituales. Por su condición de primiparidad se decide intentar terapia endovascular, efectuándose embolización selectiva de ramas cérvico-uterinas, lograndose detener el sangramiento en forma exitosa.


29 year old patient, which presents a major postpartum hemorrhage, with hemodynamic involvement, that did not respond to the usual obstetric gynecological treatments. For its status of primiparity, it is decided to try endovascular theraphy; performing a selective embolization of cervical-uterine branches, that was successful.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Pregnancy , Embolization, Therapeutic , Postpartum Hemorrhage/therapy
7.
Rev. chil. radiol ; 16(4): 195-199, 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-583012

ABSTRACT

Endometriosis is a chronic and recurrent gynecological disorder that affects women of childbearing age; it may be manifested by infertility or chronic pelvic pain. Evaluation of this disease by clinical examination and ultrasound Sean is usually of limited value. With the new advances in technology, MRI has proved to be highly helpful in the assessment of endometriosis, both for diagnosis and for evaluation of its extent. This dysfunction may adversely affect the organs of the reproductive system as well as gastrointestinal and genitourinary systems. Given MRI capability of tissue characterization and high contrast resolution, it is recommended as first-line technique in the evaluation of this condition.


La endometriosis es un trastorno ginecológico crónico y recurrente que afecta a mujeres en edad fértil, que puede manifestarse por infertilidad o dolor pélvico crónico. La evaluación de esta enfermedad mediante la clínica y ultrasonido por lo general es limitada. Con los nuevos avances tecnológicos, la resonancia magnética ha sido de gran ayuda en la evaluación de la endometriosis, tanto para realizar su diagnóstico como para evaluar su extensión, que puede comprometer los órganos del aparato reproductivo así como también el sistema gastrointestinal y genitourinario. Dada su propiedad de caracterización de tejidos y alta resolución por contraste, se recomienda como estudio de primera línea en la evaluación de esta patología.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Endometriosis/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging
8.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 74(2): 94-101, 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-627372

ABSTRACT

ANTECEDENTES: La neuralgia del nervio pudendo pocas veces es sospechada y menos diagnosticada. Por esta razón, las pacientes que la padecen, consultan múltiples veces antes de llegar a un diagnóstico definitivo. OBJETIVO: Revisar la seguridad y eficacia de la infiltración de nervio pudendo, en el tratamiento del dolor en pacientes con neuralgia del nervio pudendo. MÉTODO: Seguimiento prospectivo de cinco pacientes ingresadas bajo el diagnóstico de síndrome de atrapamiento del nervio pudendo. La edad media de las pacientes fue 45 años. Debían tener 2 criterios mayores o 1 criterio mayor asociado a 2 criterios menores. Dolor con al menos 6 meses de evolución. Sin tratamientos previos. A todas se les realizó encuesta de síntomas y signos de atrapamiento del nervio pudendo. Todas fueron infiltradas con corticoides y anestésico, guiada por tomografía axial computada. Se comparó el dolor antes y después de la infiltración con escala de 0 a 10. RESULTADOS: No hubo complicaciones durante el procedimiento. Todas disminuyeron el dolor después de la infiltración, y señalaron estar conformes con los resultados. CONCLUSIÓN: La infiltración del nervio pudendo guiada por tomografía axial computada, es una técnica segura y eficaz, en el control o disminución del dolor pelviano, ocasionado por neuralgia del nervio pudendo. Sólo el seguimiento permitirá evidenciar la mantención de los buenos resultados, o la necesidad de repetir la infiltración o de realizar cirugía de descompresión.


BACKGROUND: The pudendal neuralgia infrequently is suspected and diagnosed. Therefore the patients who suffer it consult manifold times before arriving at a definitive diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: To review the security and effectiveness of the pudendal nerve infiltration in the pudendal neuralgia treatment. METHOD: Prospective study of five patients under entrapment pudendal nerve syndrome diagnosis. The media age was 45 years old. All patients must have 2 greater criteria or 1 greater criteria associate to 2 smaller criteria. The pain must have an evolution of at least 6 months. They must not have antecedent of infiltration or surgery like treatment of this syndrome. A questionnaire of entrapment pudendal nerve syndrome was applied. The infiltration was with corticoids and anesthetic guided by CT scan. The patients classified their pain with a subjective scale; in which 0 is the pain absence and 10 is the maximum pain. The pain was compared before and after infiltration. RESULTS: Complication did not appear during the infiltration procedure. In one patient an asymmetry in the spine corresponding to the side of pain was observed. All patients diminished the pain after the infiltration. All indicated to be in agreement with the results. CONCLUSION: The pudendal nerve infiltration guided by CT scan is safe and effective technique in the treatment or diminish of the pudendal neuralgia. Only the follow-up will allow demonstrating the good results, or the necessity to repeat the infiltration, or the necessity of decompression surgery.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Pudendal Neuralgia/therapy , Nerve Block/methods , Therapy, Computer-Assisted , Prospective Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Follow-Up Studies , Patient Satisfaction , Low Back Pain/etiology , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage , Pudendal Neuralgia/complications , Injections , Anesthetics/administration & dosage , Nerve Compression Syndromes
9.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 78(3): 284-291, jun. 2007. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-473258

ABSTRACT

La arteritis de Takayasu es una vasculitis granulomatosa, rara en pediatría, que afecta a la arteria aorta y grandes vasos, produciendo hipertensión arterial y alteración de los pulsos. Nuestro objetivo es presentar a una paciente diagnosticada a los 5 meses de edad y analizar los aspectos clínicos, de diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de esta enfermedad. Caso Clínico: Paciente de 23 años de edad sexo femenino, cuyo diagnóstico de Arteritis de Takayasu fue hecho en la época de lactante, encontrando en ella hipertensión arterial severa, diferencia de presiones en extremidades superiores, y estenosis de aorta y arterias renales. Se muestra la evolución desde el punto de vista clínico y de imágenes, destacando la importancia actual de la angio resonancia para el control de las estenosis arteriales y de la ecografía para el control de crecimiento renal. Se discute, de acuerdo a la literatura al alcance, respecto al modo de seguimiento de la actividad de la enfermedad, especialmente en relación al hemograma y velocidad de eritrosedimentación. Se analiza el tratamiento con esteroides y otros inmunosupresores, como Azatioprina y Metotrexato, así como el tiempo a usar estos medicamentos y las indicaciones, cuando corresponde, de cirugía y/o angioplastía percutánea. Conclusión: Aunque se trata de una patología poco frecuente, hay que considerarla en los niños hipertensos severos; es importante tomar las presiones en las 4 extremidades, así como los pulsos, y si es necesario debe realizarse el estudio angiográfico, el cual actualmente es posible realizarlo en forma no invasiva con Angio-Resonancia y/o Angio-TAC, con buenos resultados. El tratamiento médico, fundamentalmente con corticoides, es efectivo en la mayoría de los casos y la cirugía debe reservarse a aquellos casos en que exista riesgo de oclusión de alguna de las grandes arterias.


Subject(s)
Female , Infant , Humans , Takayasu Arteritis/diagnosis , Takayasu Arteritis/drug therapy , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Takayasu Arteritis/complications , Clinical Evolution , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Steroids/therapeutic use , Renal Artery Obstruction/complications , Renal Artery Obstruction/diagnosis , Renal Artery Obstruction/therapy , Treatment Outcome
10.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 17(4): 347-355, 2006. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-530245

ABSTRACT

Los nuevos avances en tecnología del multidetector CT, la angiografía de la resonancia magnética (MRA) y el ultrasonido de doppler nos traen un nuevo acercamiento en proyección de imagen vascular. Hoy en día, esta técnica no invasora ha substituido el papel de la angiografía digital de la substracción en casi todos los procedimientos de diagnóstico. Esta tecnología de desarrollo no nos prohíbe una diagnosis mejor y una selección no invasora de los pacientes que serán beneficiarios al procedimiento terapéutico interventional. Repasaremos asuntos técnicos en el ultrasonido de CTA, de MRA y de doppler, los usos clínicos de cada uno de modalidades de esta proyección de imagen, con énfasis sobre indicaciones, los pro y los contra. Finalmente, discutiremos brevemente nuevos.


New advances in multidetector CT technology, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and Doppler ultrasound bring us a new approach in vascular imaging. Nowadays, this non-invasive technique has replaced the role of digital subtraction angiography in almost all diagnostic procedures. This evolving technology allows us a better diagnosis and non-invasive selection of patients who will be beneficiary an interventional therapeutic procedure. We will review technical topics at CTA, MRA and Doppler ultrasound, clinical applications of each of this imaging modalities, with emphasis on indications , pros and cons. Finally, we will discuss briefly new horizons in non invasive imaging.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cardiovascular Diseases , Cardiovascular Diseases , Magnetic Resonance Angiography , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
11.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 127(11): 1365-8, nov. 1999. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-257996

ABSTRACT

We report a 26 years old male with a tuberous sclerosis with multiple and bilateral kidney cysts and angiomyolipomas. The patient presented to the emergency room with a severe abdominal pain and anemia, secondary to a bleeding angiomyolipoma. The patient rejected blood transfusions due to his religious beliefs. A selective angiography was performed confirming diagnosis and the lesion artery was selectively embolized, stopping the bleeding immediately. The patient had a satisfactory evolution thereafter. This is a rare lesion and the fact that the patient was a Jehovah witness that rejected blood transfusions, required an innovative medical approach


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Tuberous Sclerosis/diagnosis , Christianity , Hemorrhage/therapy , Tuberous Sclerosis/therapy , Angiomyolipoma/diagnosis , Epilepsy , Hemorrhage/etiology , Embolization, Therapeutic , Blood Transfusion
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